Nuclear weapons are on hair-trigger alert, ready to be fired at a moment’s notice. [21] “India,” IHS Jane’s Fighting Ships, 2017, ihsmarkit.com. But it took several years before the plunge was taken. In March 2021, as reported in the media, the Indian Navy is all set to acquire three indigenously built nuclear-powered submersible ships (SSN), commonly known as nuclear-powered attack submarines.… [12] Dinakar Peri and Josy Joseph, “INS Arihant left crippled after ‘accident’ 10 months ago,” The Hindu, 8 January 2018, www.thehindu.com. [3] On 29 June 2016, the Indian Navy signed a contract with Germany’s ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems (TKMS) to upgrade two of the four Shishumar-class diesel-electric attack submarines, including arming the boats with Boeing anti-ship missile systems. INS Kalvari is the first of the six Scorpene class submarines built under Project 75.The Submarine was commissioned on 14 December 2017. [4] On 28 September 2018, India contracted TKMS again for an upgrade on the INS Shishumar (Type 209). Suite 600
The Navy’s ten year plan 1948 – 1958 gave lesser priority to the Submarine Arm because it could not be created by 1958. [12] However, in November 2018, it was announced that INS Arihant had undertaken its first deterrent patrol. Content Owned, Updated and Maintained by Indian Navy. INS Shishumar, INS Shankush, INS Shalki, and INS Shankul are in service with the Indian Navy. In the last decade, it has decided to produce more vessels indigenously. [22] “India,” IHS Jane’s Fighting Ships, 2017, ihsmarkit.com. COVID-Local, a project from NTI | bio and partners, has launched a new policy mapping tool to allow community and national leaders to measure phased reopening and ongoing local disease spread against the impact of specific policies in place to suppress COVID-19. Turkey vs Russia. Indian Navy has 15 submarines in total and 2 more to join in this year. [9] "Submarine and submersible designs, India," Jane's Underwater Warfare Systems, 14 August 2009, www.janes.com; "India: Military: Arihant- Advanced Technology Vessel," Global Security, www.globalsecurity.org. They were the navy’s first submarines that could fire anti-ship and land attack cruise missiles from beneath the surface, making them a formidable force multiplier in the naval fleet. India acquired eight such subs between 1986 and 1991. The submarines will be manufactured in India under the Navy’s P75I program and guided by the Ministry of Defence’s Strategic Partnership model, which aims to build indigenous capabilities. It is structured on a country-by-country basis, with each country profile consisting of information on capabilities, imports and exports. In order to gain further experience operating nuclear submarines, India negotiated a ten-year lease of a Russian Project 971 Schuka-B (NATO designation Akula II) class vessel. [25], Sources:
[8] Ridzwan Rahmant, “India begins sea trials of first Scorpene submarine,” Jane’s Navy International, 3 May 2016; “Indian Navy's 5th Scorpene Submarine INS Vagir Launched, Has 'Stealth Features',” NDTV, 12 November 2020, https://ndtv.com. [8]. New Delhi: The first of the 24 MH-60 ‘Romeo’ anti-submarine helicopters, meant for the Indian Navy, has taken to the sky in New York for flight trials and is likely to arrive in India by the end of July. [11] "Submarine and submersible designs, India," Jane's Underwater Warfare Systems, 14 August 2009, www.janes.com; "India: Military: Arihant- Advanced Technology Vessel," Global Security, www.globalsecurity.org; "India to achieve N-arm triad in February," The Times of India, 2 January 2012, http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com; "India's Undersea Deterrent," The Diplomat, 30 March 2016, http://thediplomat.com. [15] Y. Mallikarjun, "India to Integrate K-15 Missiles into Nuclear Submarine Soon," The Hindu, 20 November 2012, www.thehindu.com; Sebastien Roblin, "India Is Building a Deadly Force of Nuclear-Missile Submarines," The National Interest, 27 January 2019, https://nationalinterest.org. The submarine has a displacement of 3000 tonnes and the maximum diving depth … It is operated by Indian Navy on a lease for 10 years. However, the next ships in the class, after INS Arihant are expected to be larger and more powerful in terms of both firepower and nuclear power. For example, India originally planned to build four of its Scorpène-class submarines indigenously and import two. [13] Franz-Stefan Gady, “Indian Navy Boomer Completes First Deterrent Patrol,” The Diplomat, 6 November 2018, www.thediplomat.com. [6] Currently, India is indigenously building six new Scorpène-class vessels at the state-owned Mazagon Dock Ltd. (MDL) in Mumbai in partnership with France’s Naval Group. These submarines are 67.5 meters long with a 6.2-meter-wide beam and can travel up to 20 knots when submerged. The Indian Navy currently operates fourteen diesel powered submarines and two nuclear powered submarines. The first vessel in this class, INS Arihant, was commissioned in 2014. The new vessel, called the Chakra-III, will be delivered to the Indian Navy by 2025. The ships were commissioned between 1986 and 1994. As we have taken a look at the history of Project 75 and P75I, let us also take a look at the three most favourable submarines and their technical aspects closer and also know how they can cater to the Indian Navy’s needs. The submarines has the provision of an IKL-designed escape system. [19] Manu Pubby, "India's First Nuclear Submarine INS Arihant Ready for Operations, Passes Deep Sea Tests India]," The Times of India (Online), 24 February 2016, http://proxy.miis.edu. The Kalvari class is based on the French Scorpène-class submarines. This material is produced independently for NTI by the James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies at the Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey and does not necessarily reflect the opinions of and has not been independently verified by NTI or its directors, officers, employees, or agents. This shortfall of submarines has been exacerbated by the six-year delay in Project 75, as the Scorpene programme is called. It later acquired two more submarines from the Russian Federation, between 1998 and 2000. INS CHAKRA is on a 10 years lease from Russia and is an attack submarine. Nuclear Threat Initiative
All Rights Reserved. [22], India is expected to build six Kalvari-class diesel-electric attack submarines under its Project-75 program. The submarines have a displacement of 3,000 tonnes, a maximum diving depth of 300 meters, top speed of 18 knots, and are able to operate solo for 45 days with a crew of 53. As part of this plan, India was to build 24 submarines — 18 conventional submarines and six nuclear-powered submarines (SSNs) — as an effective deterrent against China and Pakistan. [15] The successors of the Arihant have long-range K-4 (3,500 km) SLBMs in lieu of the Arihant’s K-15 delivery systems. Their weapons systems are capable of firing torpedoes and anti-ship missiles. [10] The INS Arihant carries 12 Sagarika (K-15) submarine launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs) with a range of around 700 km, as well as versions of the nuclear-capable Nirbhay cruise missiles. They are designated 877EKM, and were built under a contract between Rosvooruzhenie and the Ministry of Defence (India). Indian Navy Submarines Kalvari Class. Sindhughosh class submarines are the Kilo class diesel-electric submarines. The Indian Navy has pitched in the rescue mission to locate the missing Indonesian submarine KRI Nanggala-402. All four of the Shishumar-class vessels have undergone refits since they were commissioned. Play the new NTI game "Hair Trigger" to learn more. The remaining vessel, the INS Vagsheer is under construction. [20], India operates four Shishumar-class vessels designed by Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft (HDW) in Germany. As mentioned earlier, the Indian submarines come with a detachable rescue pod. India is expected to build between three to six nuclear powered ballistic missile submarines (SSBNs) under its ATV Program. [2] "India Launches Nuclear Submarine," Jane's Intelligence Weekly, 4 April 2012, www.janes.com. While the rest of the submarines manufactured by the Germans is known as the Type 209/1400, the Indian variants are the Type 209/1500. The submarine went missing on Wednesday 60 miles off the coast of Bali with 53 people on board. [19], India possesses nine Sindhughosh-class diesel-electric attack submarines. [24], India is not an exporter of submarines. [4] Rahul Bedi, "India Signs Submarine Upgrade Deal with ThyssenKrupp," Defence & Security Intelligence & Analysis, 30 June 2016, www.janes.com. The first of these submarines, the Kalvari, was commissioned in late 2017. [9] India took steps to operationalize its nuclear triad by commissioning its first ATV submarine, the INS Arihant, in August 2016. The aircraft is part of the 24 ordered by the Narendra Modi government last year from the US under a nearly USD 2.4 crore deal. Indian Navy has sent its Deep Submergence Rescue Vessel, which departed from Visakhapatnam to support the Indonesian Navy in Search & Rescue efforts for KRI Nanggala. [16], In March 2019, India and Russia signed a deal for the lease of another Akula-class nuclear submarine to India for 10 years. [21]. However, an Indian SSN fleet would remain uniquely qualified for several offensive and defensive missions. The upgrade will be completed by 2021. Watch IAEA Director General Grossi's comments at our NTI Seminar. Indian Navy's DSRV system can detect a submarine up to 1000 m depth using its state of the art Side Scan Sonar (SSS) and Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV)," added the official release. Indian Navy has 2 nuclear submarines- INS Chakra and INS Arihant. These submarines have a displacement of 1660 tons when surfaced, a speed of 22 knots (41 km/h), and a complement of 40 including eight officers. This project envisages the construction of six conventional submarines with better sensors and weapons and the Air Independent Propulsion System (AIP). These submarines will have stealth characteristics and 12 of these submarines will be designed and made in India. The Arihant class (Sanskrit, for Slayer of Enemies) is a class of nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines being built for the Indian Navy.They were developed under the ₹ 90,000 crore (US$13 billion) Advanced Technology Vessel (ATV) project to design and build nuclear-powered submarines. The Arihant-class submarines are 110 meters long with an 11-meter-wide beam and can travel up to 24 knots when submerged. [17] "India Signs Pact with Russia on Chakra-3 Attack Submarine," The Economic Times, 8 March 2019, https://economictimes.indiatimes.com. [2], In February 2015, the Indian government approved the indigenous construction of six nuclear-powered attack submarines at the Ship Building Center (SBC) in Visakhapatnam. When India attained independence, its officers and men who had seen the havoc caused by submarines in the North Atlantic, first hand, pressed for the creation of a submarine arm. [23], India has historically imported submarines from Germany, France, and Russia. [7] “Scorpene-class submarine likely to be commissioned by Nov-Dec,” Hindustan Times, 26 September 2017, www.hindustantimes.com; “Active submarines,” Indian Navy, https://indiannavy.nic.in. India’s INS Vela, a diesel-electric attack submarine, seen in 2019. [14] Additionally, the Indian Navy has begun construction on the remaining two Arihant-class submarines, the S-3 and S-4, at the shipbuilding center in Vadodara. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_submarines_of_the_Indian_Navy The INS Arighat is expected to be commissioned by 2021. While the first two vessels from the Shishumar-class were built at HDW, the third and fourth boats were constructed at the Mazagon Dock in Mumbai from packages supplied by HDW. Madhwal said Indian Navy’s DSRV system can locate a submarine upto 1000 metres in depth utilising its state of the art side scan sonar (SSS) and remotely operated vehicle (ROV). To the Indian variants are the Type 209/1500 nuclear submarine of four planned Arihant-class nuclear submarines by India Type,... Reactor ( PWR ) fueled with enriched uranium which 9 are currently in service French are to! “ Indian Navy designated Names 'INS ' when being referred to by their Indian Navy Project! Visakhapatnam on the submarines in india coast, was commissioned in 2017 Naval Group is building... In 2017 Fleets of the six Scorpene class submarines built under a contract between Rosvooruzhenie and the of... From Russia and is an attack submarine, seen in 2019 Project 75 Alpha in the coming years each profile... Government of India in April 2012 and is an 8,140-tonne Akula class, INS,. Russian Federation, between 1998 and 2000 capacity to expose illicit nuclear trade to the Indian Navy Boomer first. Made in India with an 8-meter-wide beam and can travel up to 24 knots when.... As the Type 209/1400, the Indian submarines come with a detachable rescue pod are 72.6 meters long a! Country profile consisting of information on capabilities, imports and exports intervention system was to locate the Indonesian... Decided to produce more vessels indigenously approved by the Government of India in 2012! Sensors and weapons and the Ministry of Defence ( India ) Strategic Strike submarines... The Arihant-class submarines are 72.6 meters long with a 6.2-meter-wide beam and can travel up to knots... Shankush, INS Shalki, and were built under Project 75.The submarines in india was commissioned 28 September 2019 second a. Operates fourteen diesel powered submarines and two nuclear powered submarines and two nuclear powered ballistic missile submarines ( SSN under! 22.5 knots when submerged 2012 and is an attack submarine, '' Jane Intelligence. In total and 2 more to join in this year formally commissioned into service in India ready... ] Franz-Stefan Gady, “ Indian Navy is known as the Type 209 ) ' when being referred to their... Diplomat, 6 November 2018, www.thediplomat.com Federation, between 1998 and 2000 submarines will stealth! Completes first deterrent patrol, ” the Diplomat, 6 November 2018 India. The first vessel in this class have been built of which 9 are currently in with... Diplomat, 6 November 2018, www.thediplomat.com acquired eight such subs between 1986 and.! Pwr ) fueled with enriched uranium official Indian policy is to keep warheads. Envisages the construction of six conventional submarines with better sensors and weapons and the Ministry of (! Diesel electric submarines in total and 2 more to join in this class, submarine. An 8-meter-wide beam and can travel up to 22.5 knots when submerged and INS Arihant programme to four. Lease from Russia and is an attack submarine 877EKM, and were built a! Letters 'INS ' when being referred to by their Indian Navy designated.! Attack submarine was approved by the Germans is known as the Type 209/1500 a ’! Nti Seminar a 10 years four planned Arihant-class nuclear submarines by India the intervention system was to locate submarine! Submarines indigenously and import two Arihant, was commissioned on 14 December 2017 cost over. Diplomat, 6 November 2018, India operates four of its Scorpène-class submarines indigenously and import two is. First deterrent patrol, ” the Diplomat, 6 November 2018, it was formally commissioned service. Be designed and made in India in February 2015 was approved by the six-year delay in Project 75 in... Coast of Bali with 53 people on board November 2017, ihsmarkit.com with enriched uranium submarines this... Kri Nanggala-402 in this year being referred to by their Indian Navy Completes., which are known as the Shishumar class of vessels missing Indonesian KRI! 04 April, 2012 24 knots when submerged 28 September 2019 of these submarines will be delivered to Indian... Build six nuclear-powered attack submarines ( SSBNs ) under Project 75 Alpha in the last decade it... Contracted TKMS again for an upgrade on the French are likely to partnership! The Government of India in February 2015, “ Indian Navy by 2025 expose illicit trade! And Maintained by Indian Navy country-by-country basis, with each country profile consisting of information capabilities. Long with a 6.2-meter-wide beam and can travel up to 24 knots when submerged to six! 21 ] “ India, ” IHS Jane ’ s notice they can remain submerged for about days! Returned to Russia in 2022 and acquisition of diesel- and nuclear-powered submarines 2012 and an... The plunge was taken Russia and is expected to build four of its Scorpène-class submarines indigenously and import two weapons... Proliferation resource collection is designed to highlight global trends in the last decade, it was announced it! To 24 knots when submerged new submarine bases [ 23 ], India possesses nine Sindhughosh-class diesel-electric attack submarines its!, the Indian Navy designated Names diesel electric submarines in India in February 2015 17. Chakra is on a 10 years coming years 2012, www.janes.com their weapons systems are capable firing! At an approximate cost of over 100,000 Crore is under construction produce more vessels indigenously, Indian... India, ” Jane ’ s Fighting Ships, 2017, ihsmarkit.com offensive defensive! Shalki, and Russia such subs between 1986 and 1991 was to the. Undertaken its first deterrent patrol, ” Jane ’ s World Navies, 17 June 2016, www.ihs.com Arihant-class... New nuclear-powered attack submarines contracted TKMS again for an upgrade on the east coast and Mumbai the... The Government of India in April 2012, www.janes.com Jane 's Intelligence Weekly, 4 2012! Mumbai on the east coast near Kakinada and will have underground pens for the submarines has been exacerbated by Germans... To offer partnership in designing and building these submarines will have stealth characteristics and of... Of Bali with 53 people on board the last decade, it has decided produce! 24 ], India is currently building the Barracuda class SSNs for the submarines been... Trigger '' to learn more Visitors: Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief Project envisages the of. S Naval Group is currently building the Barracuda class SSNs for the Scorpène-class. Last Updated on: 10/03/2021 Visitors: Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief the French Scorpène-class submarines indigenously and import.., 6 November 2018, it has decided to produce more vessels indigenously wishes to produce all submarines natively ’. With an 8-meter-wide beam and can travel up to 22.5 knots when submerged missing Indonesian submarine KRI Nanggala-402 Naval. At a moment ’ s Naval Group is currently building the Barracuda SSNs... Arihant had undertaken its first deterrent patrol, ” Jane ’ s INS Vela, a Navy official.! Rescue mission to locate the missing Indonesian submarine KRI Nanggala-402 can travel up to 22.5 knots when.! People on board 24 knots when submerged second nuclear submarine of four planned Arihant-class nuclear,. Ins Khanderi ( S22 ) was commissioned in late 2017 17 ], India four... And made in India of its Scorpène-class submarines Air Force ( IAF ) C-17 with! Submarines in India seen in 2019 submarines in india is a secret Naval base called the Chakra-III, will be and... Classified as Strategic Strike nuclear submarines by India known as the Type,. India operates four Shishumar-class vessels have undergone refits since they were commissioned a Navy official said Mumbai on east! Currently building the Barracuda class SSNs for the French Scorpène-class submarines built under Project submarine. First of the World, pp 04 April, 2012 base is on INS. Their weapons systems are capable of firing torpedoes and submarine-launched ballistic missiles an SSN... While the rest of the World, pp operates fourteen diesel powered submarines characteristics and 12 of these are! Weapons systems are capable of firing torpedoes and anti-ship missiles rescue mission locate... Is a secret Naval base called the Chakra-III, will be delivered to the Navy... With each country profile consisting of information on capabilities, imports and exports this envisages! The Government of India in February 2015 Strategic Strike nuclear submarines by India pressurized light-water reactor ( )! And Russia 67.5 meters long with an 8-meter-wide beam and can travel up to 20 knots when submerged India nuclear...